/* =========================================================================
   CMML — Computational Materials and Manufacturing Laboratory
   Design tokens derived from the lab logo (navy #061929 + teal accent).
   Minimal, content-first. Light theme only (no dark mode by request).
   ========================================================================= */

:root {
  /* Color */
  --navy:        #061929;   /* logo background — nav & footer bands */
  --ink:         #0b1f2a;   /* primary text */
  --ink-soft:    #45596a;   /* secondary text */
  --teal:        #0e7f8c;   /* accent: links, buttons */
  --teal-deep:   #0a5f6a;   /* accent hover */
  --teal-bright: #52adc6;   /* graphic accent */
  --paper:       #f5f8f9;   /* page background */
  --surface:     #ffffff;   /* cards */
  --line:        #dce5e9;   /* hairlines */
  --line-navy:   rgba(255,255,255,.12);

  /* Type */
  --sans: "Pretendard", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", "Apple SD Gothic Neo", "Malgun Gothic", sans-serif;
  --mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, "SFMono-Regular", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;

  /* Layout */
  --container: 1120px;
  --nav-h: 66px;
  --radius: 12px;
}

/* ---------- Reset ---------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  line-height: 1.7;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
img, svg, video { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a { color: var(--teal); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { color: var(--teal-deep); }
h1, h2, h3 { line-height: 1.15; letter-spacing: -0.02em; margin: 0; }

.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--container);
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: clamp(20px, 5vw, 40px);
}

.eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: .78rem;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--teal);
  margin: 0 0 .9rem;
}

/* Language visibility — toggled by [data-lang] on <html> */
[data-show="en"], [data-show="ko"] { display: none; }
html[data-lang="en"] [data-show="en"] { display: revert; }
html[data-lang="ko"] [data-show="ko"] { display: revert; }

/* =========================================================================
   Navbar (navy band, matches logo)
   ========================================================================= */
.nav {
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 50;
  background: var(--navy);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-navy);
  height: var(--nav-h);
}
.nav__inner {
  height: 100%;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1.5rem;
}
.nav__brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.nav__mark { height: 42px; width: auto; display: block; }
.nav__id { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.08; }
.nav__word {
  font-family: "Montserrat", var(--sans);
  font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.22rem; color: #fff;
  letter-spacing: .005em;
}
.nav__sub {
  font-family: "Montserrat", var(--sans);
  font-weight: 500; font-size: .64rem; letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: rgba(255,255,255,.66); margin-top: 2px;
}
/* Korean sub-line: spread across the full width of "CMM Lab" (spacing set in app.js) */
.nav__sub[data-show="ko"] {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .74rem; font-weight: 500;
  color: #fff; text-transform: none;
  display: block; white-space: nowrap;
  margin-top: 3px;
}
.nav__links {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: clamp(.6rem, 2vw, 1.6rem);
  list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0;
}
.nav__links a {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.82);
  font-size: .93rem; font-weight: 500;
  padding: .35rem 0; position: relative;
}
.nav__links a:hover, .nav__links a[aria-current="page"] { color: #fff; }
.nav__links a::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -4px;
  height: 2px; background: var(--teal-bright);
  transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left; transition: transform .22s ease;
}
.nav__links a:hover::after, .nav__links a[aria-current="page"]::after { transform: scaleX(1); }

.lang {
  display: inline-flex; border: 1px solid var(--line-navy);
  border-radius: 999px; overflow: hidden; font-family: var(--mono);
}
.lang button {
  background: transparent; border: 0; cursor: pointer;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6); font: inherit; font-size: .74rem;
  padding: .3rem .6rem; letter-spacing: .05em;
}
.lang button[aria-pressed="true"] { background: var(--teal); color: #fff; }

.nav__toggle { display: none; background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; padding: .3rem; }
.nav__toggle span { display: block; width: 22px; height: 2px; background: #fff; margin: 4px 0; transition: .2s; }

/* =========================================================================
   Hero
   ========================================================================= */
.hero {
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
/* Signature: faint FEM-mesh grid + slow laser-scan sweep */
.hero__grid {
  position: absolute; inset: 0; pointer-events: none;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(var(--line) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, var(--line) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 46px 46px;
  -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(120% 90% at 78% 15%, #000 0%, transparent 70%);
          mask-image: radial-gradient(120% 90% at 78% 15%, #000 0%, transparent 70%);
  opacity: .55;
}
.hero__scan {
  position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: 0; width: 40%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(82,173,198,.10), transparent);
  animation: scan 9s linear infinite;
  pointer-events: none;
}
@keyframes scan { from { left: -40%; } to { left: 100%; } }

.hero__inner {
  position: relative;
  padding-block: clamp(2.6rem, 6vw, 4.5rem);
}
/* University mark, top-right of the hero */
/* JBNU logo now sits in the hero visual column (see .hero__visual) */
.hero__title {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5.2vw, 3.4rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 0 0 clamp(1.6rem, 4vw, 2.6rem);
  max-width: 20ch;
}
.hero__cols {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.06fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  align-items: center;
}
.hero__text { max-width: 34rem; }
.hero__affil {
  font-size: clamp(.98rem, 2vw, 1.12rem);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0 0 1.6rem;
}
.hero__affil b { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.hero__tagline {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.4vw, 1.35rem);
  color: var(--ink); max-width: 40ch; margin: 0 0 2rem;
}
.hero__cta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .8rem; }

/* Hero banner image (right column) */
.hero__figure { margin: 0; }
.hero__banner {
  width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; border-radius: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: 0 22px 50px -32px rgba(6,25,41,.55);
}

/* Simulation mosaic (legacy, unused) */
.hero__gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: repeat(4, 1fr);
  grid-template-areas:
    "t t g"
    "t t d"
    "s f f"
    "c f f";
  gap: 8px;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
}
.hero__gallery figure { margin: 0; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--navy);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 32px -22px rgba(6,25,41,.55); }
.hero__gallery img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block;
  transition: transform .4s ease; }
.hero__gallery figure:hover img { transform: scale(1.06); }
.hero__gallery figure:nth-child(1) { grid-area: t; }
.hero__gallery figure:nth-child(2) { grid-area: g; }
.hero__gallery figure:nth-child(3) { grid-area: d; }
.hero__gallery figure:nth-child(4) { grid-area: s; }
.hero__gallery figure:nth-child(5) { grid-area: c; }
.hero__gallery figure:nth-child(6) { grid-area: f; }
.hero__gallery-cap {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .74rem; color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin-top: .8rem; text-align: center; letter-spacing: .02em;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem;
  padding: .7rem 1.3rem; border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 600; font-size: .95rem; cursor: pointer;
  border: 1px solid transparent; transition: .18s ease;
}
.btn--primary { background: var(--teal); color: #fff; }
.btn--primary:hover { background: var(--teal-deep); color: #fff; }
.btn--ghost { background: transparent; color: var(--ink); border-color: var(--line); }
.btn--ghost:hover { border-color: var(--teal); color: var(--teal); }

/* =========================================================================
   Sections
   ========================================================================= */
.section { padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 6rem); }
.section--alt { background: var(--surface); border-block: 1px solid var(--line); }
.section__head { max-width: 640px; margin-bottom: 2.6rem; }
.section__head h2 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.4vw, 2.2rem); font-weight: 600; }

/* Vision: text + media */
.vision__grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.05fr .95fr; gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  align-items: start;
}
.vision__body p { color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0 0 1.1rem; }
.vision__topics { list-style: none; margin: 1.8rem 0 0; padding: 0; display: grid; gap: .55rem; }
.vision__topics li {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .86rem; color: var(--ink);
  padding-left: 1.4rem; position: relative;
}
.vision__topics li::before {
  content: "▸"; position: absolute; left: 0; color: var(--teal);
}

.media { margin: 0; }
.media__frame {
  border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--paper);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px -28px rgba(6,25,41,.4);
}
.media__frame img, .media__frame video { width: 100%; height: auto; }
.media__frame--video { position: relative; padding-top: 56.25%; } /* 16:9 for iframes */
.media__frame--video iframe { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0; }
.media figcaption {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .76rem; color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin-top: .7rem; line-height: 1.5;
}

/* News */
.news { display: grid; gap: 1rem; }
.news__item {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 160px 1fr; gap: 1.4rem;
  padding: 1.4rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); align-items: baseline;
}
.news__item:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.news__meta { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .8rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.news__tag {
  display: inline-block; margin-top: .4rem; padding: .15rem .55rem;
  background: rgba(14,127,140,.1); color: var(--teal-deep);
  border-radius: 6px; font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .03em;
}
.news__title { font-size: 1.06rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 .3rem; }
.news__body { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .95rem; margin: 0; }
.news__body a { font-weight: 600; }

/* =========================================================================
   Footer (navy band — bookends the page)
   ========================================================================= */
.footer { background: var(--navy); color: rgba(255,255,255,.72); }
.footer__top {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 2.5rem;
  padding-block: clamp(3rem, 6vw, 4rem);
}
.footer h3 {
  font-size: .78rem; font-family: var(--mono); text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--teal-bright); margin: 0 0 1rem; font-weight: 500;
}
.footer__id { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.footer__mark { height: 46px; width: auto; display: block; }
.footer__idtext { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.08; }
.footer__word { font-family: "Montserrat", var(--sans); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.3rem; color: #fff; }
.footer__sub {
  font-family: "Montserrat", var(--sans); font-weight: 500; font-size: .66rem;
  letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--teal-bright); margin-top: 2px;
}
/* Korean sub-line: spread across the full width of "CMM Lab" (spacing set in app.js) */
.footer__sub[data-show="ko"] {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: .78rem; text-transform: none;
  display: block; white-space: nowrap;
  margin-top: 3px;
}
.footer__brand p { margin: 0; font-size: .92rem; max-width: 34ch; }
.footer address { font-style: normal; font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.8; }
.footer a { color: rgba(255,255,255,.86); }
.footer a:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer__bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-navy);
  padding-block: 1.3rem;
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem;
  font-size: .8rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.5);
  font-family: var(--mono);
}

/* =========================================================================
   Responsive
   ========================================================================= */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero__cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.2rem; }
  .hero__text { max-width: none; }
  .hero__title { max-width: none; }
  .hero__gallery {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr);
    grid-template-areas: "t t g" "s f f";
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 2;
  }
  .hero__gallery figure:nth-child(3),
  .hero__gallery figure:nth-child(5) { display: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  /* keep the title clear of the mark on small screens */
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .vision__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer__top { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.8rem; }
  .news__item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .5rem; }
  .news__meta { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .8rem; }
  .news__tag { margin-top: 0; }

  .nav__links {
    position: fixed; inset: var(--nav-h) 0 auto 0;
    flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0;
    background: var(--navy); padding: .5rem clamp(20px,5vw,40px) 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-navy);
    transform: translateY(-120%); transition: transform .25s ease;
  }
  .nav__links.open { transform: translateY(0); }
  .nav__links li { width: 100%; }
  .nav__links a { display: block; padding: .7rem 0; width: 100%; }
  .nav__toggle { display: block; }
}

/* Loading / error states for JSON-driven content */
.is-loading { opacity: .5; }
.load-error {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .85rem; color: #9a3b3b;
  background: #fbeaea; border: 1px solid #f0cccc; border-radius: 8px;
  padding: .8rem 1rem;
}

/* Accessibility */
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--teal-bright); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 4px; }
.skip {
  position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: 0; background: #fff; color: var(--ink);
  padding: .6rem 1rem; z-index: 100;
}
.skip:focus { left: 8px; top: 8px; }

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * { animation: none !important; scroll-behavior: auto !important; transition: none !important; }
  .hero__scan { display: none; }
}

/* Small screens: keep nav brand tidy */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .nav__word { font-size: 1.05rem; }
  .nav__sub  { font-size: .55rem; letter-spacing: .08em; }
  .nav__mark { height: 36px; }
  .nav__brand { gap: 9px; }
}

/* ---- Research overview (figure + intro) ---- */
.overview__head { max-width: none; margin-bottom: 1.8rem; }
.overview { margin: 0 0 2rem; }
.overview .media__frame { box-shadow: 0 24px 60px -34px rgba(6,25,41,.5); }
.overview figcaption {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .78rem; color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin-top: .9rem; line-height: 1.55; text-align: center; max-width: 820px;
  margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;
}
.overview__intro { max-width: none; margin: 0; }
.overview__intro p {
  font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 1.78; color: var(--ink); margin: 0; text-align: left;
}

/* =========================================================================
   People page
   ========================================================================= */
.page-head { background: var(--surface); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.page-head .container { padding-block: clamp(2.4rem, 6vw, 4rem); }
.page-head h1 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem); font-weight: 700; }

.people-section { padding-block: clamp(2.6rem, 6vw, 4.2rem); }
.people-label {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .82rem; letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--teal); font-weight: 500;
  margin: 0 0 1.8rem; padding-bottom: .7rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

/* PI featured card */
.pi { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 190px 1fr; gap: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2.8rem); align-items: start; }
.pi__avatar { width: 190px; aspect-ratio: 3 / 4; height: auto; border-radius: 16px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--paper); }
.pi__avatar img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
.pi__avatar--initials {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  font-family: "Montserrat", var(--sans); font-weight: 600; font-size: 3.4rem; color: #fff;
  background: linear-gradient(150deg, var(--teal) 0%, var(--navy) 100%);
}
.pi__name { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 .3rem; }
.pi__title { color: var(--teal-deep); font-weight: 600; font-size: .98rem; margin: 0 0 1.1rem; }
.pi__bio p { color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0 0 .8rem; max-width: 62ch; }
.pi__links, .member__links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
.pi__links a, .member__links a {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .78rem; padding: .3rem .7rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; color: var(--teal-deep);
  transition: .18s ease;
}
.pi__links a:hover, .member__links a:hover { border-color: var(--teal); background: rgba(14,127,140,.07); }

/* Member grid (researchers / students) */
.member-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(210px, 1fr)); gap: 1.4rem; }
.member {
  background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.6rem 1.4rem; text-align: center; transition: box-shadow .2s ease, transform .2s ease;
}
.member:hover { box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -28px rgba(6,25,41,.45); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.member__avatar { width: 96px; height: 96px; border-radius: 50%; overflow: hidden; margin: 0 auto 1rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.member__avatar img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
.member__avatar--initials {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  font-family: "Montserrat", var(--sans); font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.8rem; color: #fff;
  background: linear-gradient(150deg, var(--teal) 0%, var(--navy) 100%);
}
.member__name { font-size: 1.06rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 .2rem; }
.member__role { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .88rem; margin: 0; }
.member__brief { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .86rem; margin: .6rem 0 0; }
.member__links { justify-content: center; }

.people-empty {
  color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .98rem; padding: 1.4rem 1.6rem;
  background: rgba(14,127,140,.05); border: 1px dashed var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius);
}

/* Join us band */
.join { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; }
.join__inner {
  padding-block: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 3.6rem);
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1.4rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.join__inner p { margin: 0; font-size: 1.1rem; max-width: 46ch; }

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .pi { grid-template-columns: 1fr; justify-items: center; text-align: center; }
  .pi__bio p { text-align: left; }
  .pi__links { justify-content: center; }
}

/* =========================================================================
   Research page
   ========================================================================= */
.research-heading { font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.2vw, 2.1rem); font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 1.2rem; }
.research-body p { color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0 0 1rem; max-width: 62ch; }

.overview__grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.5rem); align-items: start;
}
.overview-figure { margin: 0; }

/* Research areas — numbered rows */
.areas { display: grid; gap: 0; margin-top: 1.6rem; }
.area {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: 84px 1fr; gap: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  padding: 1.9rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); align-items: start;
}
.area:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: .4rem; }
.area__num {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--teal); line-height: 1;
}
.area__title { font-size: 1.22rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 .5rem; }
.area__desc { color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0; max-width: 68ch; }
.area__tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .45rem; margin-top: .9rem; }
.area__tag {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .74rem; padding: .25rem .65rem;
  background: rgba(14,127,140,.08); color: var(--teal-deep); border-radius: 999px;
}

/* Methods & tools grid */
.methods {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem; margin-top: 1.6rem;
}
.method {
  background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.2rem 1.3rem;
}
.method__name {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .88rem; font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--ink); margin: 0 0 .45rem;
}
.method__desc { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .9rem; margin: 0; line-height: 1.6; }

/* Simulation gallery */
.simgallery {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(220px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.1rem; margin-top: 1.6rem;
}
.simtile { margin: 0; }
.simtile img {
  width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1/1; object-fit: cover; display: block;
  border-radius: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--navy);
}
.simtile figcaption {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .74rem; color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin-top: .5rem; text-align: center;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .overview__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .area { grid-template-columns: 56px 1fr; }
  .area__num { font-size: 1.2rem; }
}

/* =========================================================================
   Publications / News / Contact / CV
   ========================================================================= */
.page-head__intro { color: var(--ink-soft); max-width: 62ch; margin: 1rem 0 0; }

/* Stats */
.stats { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 2.4rem; margin-top: 1.8rem; }
.stat { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.stat__num { font-family: "Montserrat", var(--sans); font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--teal); line-height: 1; }
.stat__label { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .74rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin-top: .35rem; letter-spacing: .03em; }

/* Publications */
.pub-year { margin-bottom: 2.6rem; }
.pub-year__label {
  font-family: "Montserrat", var(--sans); font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--navy); margin: 0 0 1rem; padding-bottom: .5rem; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--teal);
}
.pub-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: grid; gap: 1.1rem; counter-reset: none; }
.pub {
  background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.2rem 1.4rem; transition: box-shadow .2s ease;
}
.pub:hover { box-shadow: 0 14px 34px -26px rgba(6,25,41,.45); }
.pub__title { font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.02rem; margin: 0 0 .5rem; line-height: 1.45; }
.pub__authors { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .88rem; margin: 0 0 .5rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.pub__authors b { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.pub__meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .8rem; align-items: baseline; margin: 0; font-size: .84rem; }
.pub__journal { font-style: italic; color: var(--teal-deep); font-weight: 500; }
.pub__date, .pub__if { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .76rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.pub__foot { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem; align-items: center; margin-top: .8rem; }
.pub__badge {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .7rem; padding: .2rem .55rem; border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(14,127,140,.1); color: var(--teal-deep);
}
.pub__badge--corr { background: rgba(6,25,41,.08); color: var(--navy); }
.pub__doi { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .74rem; word-break: break-all; }

/* CV: education & experience */
.cv__grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: clamp(1.6rem, 4vw, 3rem); margin-top: 2.8rem; }
.cv__label {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .8rem; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--teal); font-weight: 500; margin: 0 0 1.1rem; padding-bottom: .55rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.cv__list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: grid; gap: 1.1rem; }
.cv { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 108px 1fr; gap: .9rem; align-items: start; font-size: .92rem; }
.cv__period { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .76rem; color: var(--teal-deep); padding-top: .15rem; }
.cv__body { color: var(--ink-soft); line-height: 1.6; }
.cv__body b { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.cv__note { display: block; font-size: .82rem; margin-top: .3rem; color: var(--ink-soft); opacity: .85; }

/* Contact */
.contact__grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 1.4rem; }
.contact__card {
  background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.6rem 1.7rem;
}
.contact__card h3 {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .78rem; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--teal); font-weight: 500; margin: 0 0 1rem;
}
.contact__card address { font-style: normal; color: var(--ink-soft); line-height: 1.8; }
.contact__room { color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .9rem; margin: .8rem 0 0; }
.contact__dl { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 82px 1fr; gap: .6rem 1rem; margin: 0; align-items: baseline; }
.contact__dl dt { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .76rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.contact__dl dd { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); }

.join-box {
  border: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 3px solid var(--teal);
  border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.8rem 2rem; background: var(--surface);
}
.join-box h2 { font-size: 1.35rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 .9rem; }
.join-box p { color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0 0 .8rem; max-width: none; }

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .cv__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .cv { grid-template-columns: 92px 1fr; }
  .stats { gap: 1.6rem; }
}

/* PPT-derived additions: area category, PI interests & contact */
.area__cat {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .74rem; letter-spacing: .06em;
  color: var(--teal); margin: 0 0 .35rem;
}
.pi__deg { font-size: .92rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.pi__interests { margin-top: 1.2rem; }
.pi__interests-label {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .74rem; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-soft); display: block; margin-bottom: .5rem;
}
.pi__tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .4rem; }
.pi__tag {
  font-size: .8rem; padding: .28rem .7rem; border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(14,127,140,.09); color: var(--teal-deep);
}
.pi__contact { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 54px 1fr; gap: .4rem 1rem; margin: 1.2rem 0 0; align-items: baseline; }
.pi__contact dt { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .74rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.pi__contact dd { margin: 0; font-size: .92rem; }

/* =========================================================================
   About us (home) + one-line research-overview heading
   ========================================================================= */
.about__statement {
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 3vw, 2.05rem);
  font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.35; color: var(--ink);
  max-width: 34ch; margin: .4rem 0 0; letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
/* research-overview heading: Korean fits one line naturally; allow wrapping otherwise */
.overview__head #vision-heading { text-wrap: balance; }

/* =========================================================================
   Home research-overview videos + hero About-us + footer address
   ========================================================================= */
.hero__about-eye { margin: 1.6rem 0 .5rem; }

.video-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1.1rem; margin-top: 1.8rem;
}
.video-grid .vid { margin: 0; }
.video-grid video {
  width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; object-fit: cover; display: block;
  border-radius: 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: #000;
}
.video-grid figcaption {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .78rem; color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin-top: .6rem; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5;
}
@media (max-width: 820px) { .video-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

/* Footer address: keep each line on one line (item 6) */
.footer address { white-space: nowrap; font-size: .86rem; }
.footer__top { grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr 1.3fr; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .footer address { white-space: normal; }
  .footer__top { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* Contact: give the Office card more width so the Department line stays on one line (item 4) */
.contact__grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.5fr) minmax(0, 1fr); }
.contact__card address { font-size: .88rem; }
@media (max-width: 680px) { .contact__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

/* Home hero is now single-column; center the CTA row spacing */
.hero__about-eye { margin-top: 1.8rem; }
.hero__tagline { max-width: 52ch; }

/* =========================================================================
   Research areas — with figure + representative works
   ========================================================================= */
.area--img { grid-template-columns: 64px 1fr minmax(0, 300px); }
.area__figure { align-self: center; }
.area__figure img {
  width: 100%; border-radius: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--line);
  display: block; background: var(--paper);
}
.area__works { margin-top: 1rem; }
.area__works-label {
  display: block; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--teal); margin-bottom: .4rem;
}
.area__doi-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .25rem; }
.area__doi {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .78rem; color: var(--ink-soft);
  word-break: break-all;
}
.area__doi:hover { color: var(--teal-deep); }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .area--img { grid-template-columns: 56px 1fr; }
  .area__figure { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin-top: 1rem; }
}
.pub__vol { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .76rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* =========================================================================
   Contact map (clickable → Google Maps)
   ========================================================================= */
.mapcard {
  position: relative; display: block; margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px -30px rgba(6,25,41,.5); line-height: 0;
}
.mapcard__frame {
  width: 100%; height: 380px; border: 0; display: block;
  filter: saturate(1.02);
}
.mapcard__hint {
  position: absolute; right: 12px; top: 12px; z-index: 2;
  background: var(--navy); color: #fff; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .78rem;
  padding: .5rem .85rem; border-radius: 999px; line-height: 1; text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px -8px rgba(0,0,0,.5);
}
.mapcard__hint:hover { background: var(--teal-deep); color:#fff; }
@media (max-width: 620px) { .mapcard__frame { height: 260px; } }

/* Home hero: enlarged JBNU logo in the top-right empty space */
/* enlarged logo handled in .hero__visual block */


/* =========================================================================
   Hero (wide): full-width title on top, logo top-right, lower 2-col (text | image)
   ========================================================================= */
.hero__inner--wide { position: relative; }
.hero__inner--wide .hero__univ {
  position: absolute; top: calc(clamp(.6rem, 2vw, 1.4rem) + 92px); right: 46px;
  height: clamp(64px, 7vw, 104px); width: auto; z-index: 2;
}
.hero__inner--wide .eyebrow { padding-right: 130px; }
.hero__inner--wide .hero__title {
  max-width: none;
  padding-right: 150px;            /* leave room for the top-right logo */
  margin-bottom: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
}
.hero__lower {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(1.6rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  align-items: center;
}
.hero__lower .hero__text { max-width: 40rem; }
.hero__figure { margin: 0; }
.hero__model { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero__inner--wide .hero__title { padding-right: 0; }
  .hero__inner--wide .eyebrow { padding-right: 0; }
  .hero__inner--wide .hero__univ { position: static; display: block; height: 60px; margin: 0 0 1rem auto; }
  .hero__lower { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
  .hero__lower .hero__text { max-width: none; }
}

/* =========================================================================
   Research overview — vertical: heading, centered image, text below (ref layout)
   ========================================================================= */
.overview__title { max-width: none; margin-bottom: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 1.8rem); }
.overview-figure { margin: 0; max-width: none; }
.overview-figure .media__frame { max-width: 940px; margin: 0; }
.overview-figure .media__frame { border: 1px solid var(--line); box-shadow: 0 20px 50px -34px rgba(6,25,41,.45); }
.overview-figure figcaption { text-align: left; }
.overview__text { max-width: none; margin-top: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2rem); }
.overview__text p { text-align: left; max-width: none; }

/* =========================================================================
   Research areas — vertical full-width blocks (num+category, title, big image,
   description, method tags, representative works)  [ref: RESEARCH AREAS]
   ========================================================================= */
.area--stack {
  display: block; grid-template-columns: none;
  padding: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.2rem) 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.area--stack:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.area--stack .area__head { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: .5rem; }
.area--stack .area__num {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--teal); line-height: 1;
}
.area--stack .area__cat {
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 1.02rem; color: var(--teal); letter-spacing: .01em;
}
.area--stack .area__title {
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.6vw, 1.7rem); font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 1.4rem; max-width: none;
}
.area--stack .area__figure {
  margin: 0 0 1.4rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden; background: var(--surface);
}
.area--stack .area__figure img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
.area--stack .area__desc {
  font-size: 1.06rem; line-height: 1.75; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0 0 1.1rem; max-width: 62rem;
}
.area--stack .area__tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .55rem; margin: 0 0 1.4rem; }
.area--stack .area__works { margin: 0; }

/* JCR tier badges on publications */
.pub__badge--jcr { color: #fff; }
.pub__badge--jcr10 { background: var(--teal-deep); }
.pub__badge--jcr25 { background: #3b6fa0; }
.pub__badge--jcr50 { background: #8792a0; }

/* =========================================================================
   Publications — external profile buttons (ORCID, Scopus, Scholar, RG, LinkedIn)
   ========================================================================= */
.profile-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .7rem; margin-top: 1.8rem; }
.profile-btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .5rem;
  padding: .55rem 1.05rem; border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--ink); font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none; transition: .18s ease;
}
.profile-btn:hover { border-color: var(--teal); color: var(--teal-deep); background: rgba(14,127,140,.06); }
.profile-btn__arrow { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .82rem; color: var(--teal); }

.pi__contact + .profile-links { margin-top: 1rem; }
